Anti‐Müllerian hormone as an endocrine biomarker of reproductive longevity and assessment of single nucleotide polymorphisms in AMH gene of Bos indicus breeds of cattle

Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the TGF‐β superfamily produced by follicular granulosa cells in women and cattle and is considered an endocrine biomarker of ovarian follicular reserve. The study examined how age and parity influence serum AMH concentration and investigated the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in AMH gene in Bos indicus breeds viz Malnad Gidda Amritmahal and Hallikar. All five exons of AMH gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction were subjected to sanger sequencing and identified important SNP and its effects. We observed a highly significant relationship between parity and AMH concentration in Amritmahal cattle, whereas Malnad Gidda and Hallikar breeds did not show a significant difference. We identified one SNP located in exon 5 (rs21402788) with base change A>G, a non‐synonymous mutation resulting in a change in amino acid Q>R and the protein product. It is concluded that AMH level could be considered as an indicator of the ovarian reserve and productive herd life (longevity) irrespective of age/parity, especially in B. indicus breeds of cattle.