Supramolecular Nitric Oxide Depot for Hypoxic Tumor Vessel Normalization and Radiosensitization

In cancer radiotherapy, the lack of fixed DNA damage by oxygen in hypoxic microenvironment of solid tumors often leads to severe radioresistance. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent radiosensitizer that acts in two ways. It can directly react with the radical DNA thus fixing the damage. It also normalizes the abnormal tumor vessels, thereby increasing blood perfusion and oxygen supply. To achieve these functions, the dosage and duration of NO treatment need to be carefully controlled, otherwise it will lead to the exact opposite outcomes. However, a delivery method that fulfills both requirements is still lacking. A NO depot is designed for the control of NO releasing both over quantity and duration for hypoxic tumor vessel normalization and radiosensitization. In B16‐tumor‐bearing mice, the depot can provide low dosage NO continuously and release large amount of NO immediately before irradiation for a short period of time. These two modes of treatment work in synergy to reverse the radioresistance of B16 tumors more efficiently than releasing at single dosage. A supramolecular nitric oxide (NO) depot (SupraNO) for β‐galactosidase‐controlled NO release is reported. SupraNO can provide low‐dose NO continuously and release a large amount of NO immediately on‐demand providing an effective solution for both vessel normalization by low‐dose long‐time NO supply and radiosensitization by temporary high‐dose stimulation in hypoxic tumor.