Surface clutter due to antenna sidelobes for spaceborne atmospheric radar

A spaceborne radar for atmospheric observation must be able to detect atmospheric backscatter in the presence of clutter from the surface, due to antenna sidelobes. Such clutter can come from the same pulse as that observing the atmosphere if the radar antenna is pointed off-nadir. However pulses both prior and subsequent to the pulse observing the atmosphere can also contribute to clutter, and surface clutter can be a problem even for nadir-looking radars. Here, the problem is analyzed by deriving a method for computing clutter which includes effects of all contributing transmit pulses, Doppler shifting, finite receiver bandwidth, and curved Earth's surface. The results are applied to analysis of existing radars and design of future radar systems.