Multifunctional SERS chip mediated by black phosphorus@gold-silver nanocomposites inserted in bilayer membrane for in-situ detection and degradation of hazardous materials

[Display omitted] •Gold and silver nanoparticles have been homogeneously disseminated on BP nanosheet by a light-assisted self-reduction.•Robust SERS chips were successfully developed by assembling BP@Au-Ag nanocomposites into bilayer membrane.•A reliable in-situ recyclable detection strategy has been demonstrated utilizing the tape-mediated SERS chip.•The effective preservation of BP was realized based on the principle of fresh-keeping film. Self-cleaning surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates dependent on versatile two-dimensional semiconductors offer an efficient channel for the sensitive monitoring and timely degradation of hazardous molecules. Herein, a kind of sophisticated SERS-active nanocomposites was developed by incorporating Au-Ag nanoparticles onto black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets via photo-induced self-reduction. Combining the substantial electromagnetic “hot spots” triggered by bimetallic plasma coupling effect and the efficient charge transfer from BP to probe molecules, the proposed nanocomposites featured attractive SERS enhancement, facilitating a limit of detection down to 4.5 × 10−10 M. Attributed to the remarkable restriction of electron-hole recombination stemming from “Schottky contact”, the photocatalytic activity of BP was prominently boosted, demonstrating a complete degradation time as short as 65 min. Furthermore, the disgusting instability of BP was considerably hindered by inserting the nanocomposites into various bilayer matrices with diverse hardness and viscosity inspired by cling film principle. Moreover, a significantly elevated collection rate high to 93.1% for in-situ detection was also achieved by the as-manufactured flexible SERS chips based on tape. This study illustrates a clear perspective for the development of versatile BP-based SERS chips which might facilitate sensitive analysis and treatment of perilous contaminants in complicated real-life scenarios.