Robust formation of discrete non-covalent pyrene dimers in an amorphous film by strong π-π interaction

A pyrene-based non-covalent dimer in a crystal showed a strengthened π-π interaction, which was robust enough against external disturbances. Such a strong π-π interaction made the pyrene-based dimer easily form in the amorphous film, indicating that the dimer could potentially work as the monomer. A pyrene-based non-covalent dimer was constructed with an enhanced π-π interaction, making the dimer easily form in the amorphous film. The dimer can work like the monomer in acid-responsive luminescence switches and organic light-emitting devices.