Postoperative imaging of the shoulder

BACKGROUNDImaging of the postoperative shoulder joint includes complex, diagnostically challenging changes regarding the anatomical structures. OBJECTIVESCase-based presentation of common surgical procedures, expected postoperative findings, and typical complications. MATERIALS AND METHODSInterdisciplinary evaluation of (didactically instructive) cases and discussion of pertinent literature and expert opinions. RESULTSPresentation of normal postoperative findings and complications after subacromial decompression, surgical treatment of rotator cuff lesions, SLAP (superior labral anterior to posterior) lesions/lesions of the long biceps tendon, Bankart lesions as well as instability-related procedures and after shoulder arthroplasty. Discussion of the appropriate use of imaging methods with a focus on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which are supplemented by computed tomography (CT), and conventional x‑ray images. CONCLUSIONThe broad spectrum of complex findings as well as the evermore developing and thereby changing surgical procedures result in significant challenges in the radiological evaluation of the postoperative shoulder joint. To differentiate physiological reactions from pathological changes it is necessary to have general knowledge of the common surgical procedures, expected postoperative findings and possible complications. A variety imaging modalities can be used to further advance diagnostic precision.