Survival Outcomes and Treatment Patterns in Patients With NFE2L2 and/or KEAP1 Mutation-Positive Advanced Squamous Cell NSCLC Using a Real-World Clinico-Genomic Database

NFE2L2 and/or KEAP1 mutations are associated with worse prognosis in all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We determined real-world survival outcomes and treatment patterns among patients with advanced squamous cell NSCLC by NFE2L2 and KEAP1 mutation status. A retrospective study (January 2011-December 2018) was conducted using a de-identified US-based clinico-genomic database. Adult patients with advanced squamous cell NSCLC with ≥ 2 in-network visits and comprehensive genomic profiling during the study period were included. Outcomes included real-world progression free survival (rwPFS) by line of therapy and overall survival (OS). The real-world effectiveness of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 first-line therapy was also evaluated in patients with a NFE2L2 and/or KEAP1 mutation. Of 703 patients included (median age: 70.0 years), 31.6% had a NFE2L2 and/or KEAP1 mutation. The most common first- and second-line treatments regardless of mutation status were platinum-based chemotherapies and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. The most common third-line treatment was anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in patients with a NFE2L2 and/or KEAP1 mutation and single-agent chemotherapy in patients with wild-type disease. Patients with a NFE2L2 and/or KEAP1 mutation versus wild-type disease had significantly shorter rwPFS (4.54 vs. 6.25 months; P = .003) following first- but not second- or third-line therapy and shorter median OS (13.59 vs. 17.37 months; P = .4105). No survival differences were observed in patients with a NFE2L2 and/or KEAP1 mutation receiving first-line anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies versus other therapies. Patients with advanced squamous cell NSCLC with a NFE2L2 and/or KEAP1 mutation have poor real-world survival, highlighting the need for a genotype-directed therapeutic strategy in this population. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), NFE2L2 and/or KEAP1 mutations are associated with a poor prognosis. To determine real-world survival outcomes/treatment patterns among patients with NFE2L2/KEAP1+, advanced squamous cell NSCLC, we conducted a retrospective study using a clinico-genomic database. Results showed poor real-world survival, suggesting a need for a genotype-directed therapeutic strategy in this population.