Virtual Reality and Powerpoint Grocery Store Tours: Equally Effective in Improving Self-efficacy in Randomised Control Trial

Purpose Compare computer-based virtual reality (CBVR) and voice-over PowerPoint (PP) grocery store tours (GST) on adult nutrition literacy (NL) and healthful food purchasing self-efficacy (HFPSE). Design Participants (n = 68) recruited from University worksite wellness program and randomly assigned to CBVR or PP (CBVR = 35; PP = 33). Intervention Four-week culinary/nutrition education program. Initial three weeks provided identical education for both groups. Week four implemented GST intervention using CBVR or PP. Measures NL and HFPSE surveys before, after, and three-months post from the start of program. Analysis Intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis with RMANOVA (95% confidence intervals [CI] and effect sizes) to examine change in NL and HFPSE between CBVR and PP groups over 4-week intervention and 3-month retention period. Results 43 of 68 participants [CBVR (n = 19) and PP (n = 24)] were included in analyses. Both groups significantly improved HFPSE over time (P