Fire engineering design of steel and composite buildings

Methods for determining the fire resistance of steel and composite structures have developed considerably in recent years, based on major programmes of testing, and supported by computer modelling. This paper reviews recent developments in terms of elemental performance in standard fires, and full-scale behaviour of floors and complete structures in natural fires. National and European codes now present design methods that are consistent with test data and with material laws at elevated temperatures. Some forms of construction have been developed which utilise partial protection and composite action with concrete to enhance their fire resistance. A major series of fire tests at BRE Cardington in the UK has demonstrated the inherent fire resistance of composite structures. A design method has been established in which secondary beams may be designed as unprotected for up to 60 minutes fire resistance. A comprehensive bibliography is given to assist the reader.