Status of carotenoids in elite and landrace maize genotypes: Implications for provitamin A biofortification in Tanzania

[Display omitted] Maize is among the crops containing carotenoids that are easily converted to vitamin A and have an enormous influence on consumers' health. Principally maize has high calories and proteins but has less number of other micronutrients such as vitamin A. Societies that use maize as their main and sole staple food are likely to be affected by vitamin A deficiency. Thus, development and production of maize varieties rich in micronutrients and vitamin A are important for improved health. This study characterized 5 carotenoid components in maize genotypes grown in Tanzania as a strategy for improving vitamin A content in maize. The study involved maize landraces, commercial or elite varieties, and inbred lines in determining their potential for provitamin A breeding programs for nutrition improvement. The study found that mean concentration of important carotenoid components, i.e., alpha carotene (AC), beta-carotene (BC), beta-cryptoxanthin (BCX), lutein (LU), zeaxanthin (ZX), provitamin A (ProVA), non-provitamin A (Non-ProVA), and total carotenoids (TC) varied significantly (P