Effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship interventions on early switch from intravenous-to-oral antimicrobials in hospitalized adults: A systematic review

•This systematic review summarized the evidence available on ASPs to improve IV-to-PO antimicrobial switch therapy.•All interventions on IV-to-PO antimicrobial switch reported in the literature were listed and described.•The study demonstrated that all the interventions shown to be effective and safe.•Interventions on IV-to-PO antimicrobial switch were associated with a significant reduction in costs. This review aimed to summarize the available evidence on the effectiveness and safety of antimicrobial stewardship interventions to improve the practice of IV-to-PO antimicrobial switch therapy in hospitalized adults. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE/PubMed, and Scopus from inception to September 1, 2020, for original articles investigating any interventions aimed to improve the practice of IV-to-PO antimicrobial switch therapy in hospitalized adults with infectious diseases. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies. Studies were excluded if they evaluated drugs other than antimicrobials, head-to-head comparison of interventions, included pediatrics or oncology patients. Of 506 unique citations identified, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. The 36 included studies reported 92 interventions as a single (n = 10) or a bundle of interventions (n = 26). The most common interventions used were guideline/protocol/pathway (n = 25), audit and feedback (n = 20), and education (n = 17). This review provides health care providers with a comprehensive summary on the interventions to promote IV-to-PO antimicrobial switch. While no one intervention could be identified as the safest and most effective as most of the included studies used a bundle of interventions, all interventions resulted in optimizing antibiotic use and reducing health care expenditures without compromising the clinical outcomes. As such, each hospital should design and utilize interventions that are applicable based on available resources and expertise.