A new higher-order hybrid-mixed curved beam element

The purpose of this work is to show the successful use of nodeless degrees of freedom in developing a highly accurate, locking free hybrid‐mixed C0 curved beam element. In the performance evaluation process of the present field‐consistent higher‐order element, the effect of field consistency and the role of higher‐order interpolation on both displacement‐type and hybrid‐mixed‐type elements are carefully examined. Several benchmark tests confirm the superior behaviour of the present element. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.