Clinical and morphological evaluation of permanent first molars in Turkey

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the pit and fissure morphology of the permanent first molars (PFMs) in the dentition of 7- to 12-year-old patients in Turkish children. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted on 706 patients who attended the Dokuz Eylul University Child Clinic. Examinations of the patients were carried out with dental unit light, mouth mirror, and probe by two dentists. Age, gender, plaque scores, pit and fissure morphology, caries, restorations, and missing teeth were recorded. Results: Of the 706 patients included in this study, 441 (62.5%) of them have affected PFMs. Intermediate type fissure morphology (57.5%) was seen as the most common type. A positive correlation was observed between the age and the caries experience (p = 0.000). Patients with deep pits and fissure morphology have more caries affected teeth than patients with shallow pit and fissure morphology, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.000). Patients with deep pits and fissure morphology have significantly more plaque accumulation on PFMs compared to the patients with shallow and intermediate fissure morphology (p = 0.000). Conclusions: Despite the limitations of the study, we can conclude that the patients with deep pit-fissure morphology are more susceptible to caries development and plaque accumulation than the patients with shallow and intermediate type pit and fissure morphology.