Implicit algorithm for finding steady states and its application to FSM verification

Finding the set of steady states of a machine has applications in formal verification, sequential synthesis and ATPG. Existing techniques assume the presence of a designated set of initial states which is impractical in a real design environment. The set of steady states of a design is defined by the terminally strongly connected components (tSCCs) of the underlying state transition graph (STG). We show that multiple tSCCs and non-terminal SCCs need to be handled in a real design environment especially for verification. We present a fully implicit algorithm to find the steady states of a machine without any knowledge of initial states. We demonstrate the utility of our algorithm by applying it to FSM equivalence checking.