The lipoxygenase gene OsRCI‐1 is involved in the biosynthesis of herbivore‐induced JAs and regulates plant defense and growth in rice

The pathway mediated by jasmonic acid (JA), biosynthesized via 13‐lipoxygenases (LOX), plays a central role in both plant development and defense. In rice, there are at least fourteen 13‐LOXs. Yet, only two 13‐LOXs have been known to be involved in the biosynthesis of JA and plant defenses in rice. Here we cloned a chloroplast‐localized 13‐LOX gene from rice, OsRCI‐1, whose transcripts were upregulated following infestation by brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), one of the most important pests in rice. Overexpression of OsRCI‐1 (oeRCI lines) increased levels of BPH‐induced JA, jasmonate‐isoleucine, trypsin protease inhibitors and three volatile compounds, 2‐heptanone, 2‐heptanol and α‐thujene. BPHs showed a decreased colonization, fecundity and mass, and developed slowly on oeRCI plants compared with wild‐type (WT) plants. Moreover, BPH‐infested oeRCI plants were more attractive to the egg parasitoid of BPH, Anagrus nilaparvatae than equally treated WT plants. The decreased attractiveness to BPH and enhanced attractiveness to the parasitoid of oeRCI plants correlated with higher levels of BPH‐induced 2‐heptanone and 2‐heptanol, and 2‐heptanone, respectively. Compared with oeRCI plants, WT plants had higher plant height and 1000‐grain weight. These results indicate that OsRCI‐1 is involved in herbivore‐induced JA bursts and plays a role in plant defense and growth. We demonstrate that a chloroplast‐localized 13‐lipoxygenase gene OsRCI‐1 in rice, whose expression is induced by brown planthopper (BPH) infestation, is involved in BPH‐induced JA bursts and plays a role in plant defense and growth.