Electrical stimulation therapy and rotary jet‐spinning scaffold to treat bone defects

The combination of electrical stimulation (ES) and bone tissue engineering (BTE) has been successful in treatments of bone regeneration. This study evaluated the effects of ES combined with PCL + β‐TCP 5% scaffolds obtained by rotary jet spinning (RJS) in the regeneration of bone defects in the calvaria of Wistar rats. We used 120 animals with induced bone defects divided into 4 groups (n = 30): (C) without treatment; (S) with PCL+ β‐TCP 5% scaffold; (ES) treated with ES (10 μA/5 min); (ES + S) with PCL + β‐TCP 5% scaffold. The ES occurred twice a week during the entire experimental period. Cell viability (in vitro: Days 3 and 7) and histomorphometric, histochemical, and immunohistochemical (in vivo; Days 30, 60, and 90) analysis were performed. In vitro, ES + S increased cell viability after Day 7 of incubation. In vivo, it was observed modulation of inflammatory cells in ES therapy, which also promoted blood vessels proliferation, and increase of collagen. Moreover, ES therapy played a role in osteogenesis by decreasing ligand kappa B nuclear factor‐TNFSF11 (RANKL), increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and decreasing the tartarate‐resistant acid phosphatase. The combination of ES with RJS scaffolds may be a promising strategy for bone defects regeneration, since the therapy controlled inflammation, favored blood vessels proliferation, and osteogenesis, which are important processes in bone remodeling.