A comparative study on the structural features of humic acids extracted from lignites using comprehensive spectral analyses

The lignite reserves of Zhaotong and Mile in China are abundant and lignite utilizations are limited, however, humic acids (HAs) extracted from lignites play a significant role in many fields including agriculture, environmental protection and so on. Herein, the structures of HAs extracted from Zhaotong and Mile lignites (denoted as ZLHA and MLHA, respectively) were characterized and compared to each other using comprehensive spectral analyses. As a result, the UV-Vis spectrum analyses of HAs indicated that the molecular weight of MLHA is larger than that of ZLHA. Cross polarization magic angle spinning 13 C NMR, which is rarely used to analyze the structures of HAs using fitting peaks, and FT-IR spectrum analyses indicated that both the aromaticity and the oxygen-containing group contents of ZLHA are higher than those of MLHA, and the HAs' aromaticity could be confirmed by the results of the X-ray diffraction patterns. Additionally, the main existing forms of the elements in the HAs were obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectrum analyses, which are not commonly used for HA analyses. In this work, the utilization of comprehensive spectral analyses was an effective method to study the structural features of ZLHA and MLHA and it could provide a basic reference for the applications of ZLHA and MLHA. The structural features of humic acids extracted from Zhaotong and Mile lignites were analyzed using comprehensive spectral analyses including UV-vis, FTIR, CP/MAS 13 C NMR, XRD and XPS.