Preparation, identification and molecular docking study of novel osteoblast proliferation-promoting peptides from yak () bones

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify osteogenic bioactive peptides from yak bones collagen, while simultaneously investigating their underlying mechanisms for promoting osteoblast proliferation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effect of hydrolysis variables on the production of peptides with osteoblast proliferation-promoting activity (OPPA). The concentration of soluble peptides reached 0.5169 mg mL −1 , which was well matched with the value (0.5189 mg mL −1 ) predicted by the model, with the following optimized conditions: hydrolysis time, 3.6 h; pH, 6.12; hydrolysis temperature, 54 °C; E/S (enzyme to substrate) of 5637 U g −1 . Hydrolysates were then separated using an ultrafiltration membrane system, and the peptides (