Using parasite analysis to identify ancient chamber pots: An example of the fifth century CE from Gerace, Sicily, Italy

•Identifying if a ceramic form was used as a chamber pot can be challenging.•Here we identify the eggs of intestinal parasitic worms in a Roman period pot.•This demonstrates it was used to hold human faeces, and so was a chamber pot.•This approach could evaluate function for other potential chamber pots. Chamber pots are perhaps one of the more challenging ceramic forms to identify with certainty in Roman pottery studies, despite the availability of detailed ceramic typologies. Here, we describe the analysis of mineralized concretions taken from a Sicilian ceramic vessel of the fifth-century CE, and propose paleoparasitology, the identification of intestinal parasites, as a helpful method for contributing to the detection of chamber pots. Microscope analysis of the mineralized concretions revealed the presence of eggs of the intestinal nematode Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), confirming that the vessel originally contained faeces. This is the first time that parasite eggs have been identified from concretions inside a Roman ceramic vessel. Systematic parasitological investigation of calcified deposits from ceramic vessels may therefore help to establish function. In addition, the identification of intestinal parasite eggs has the potential to advance our understanding of the sanitation, diet, and intestinal health of populations who used these chamber pots.