Presentation and management of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis in children

To assess the presentation of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis（AFRS） in children and the role of long-term comprehensive therapy of endoscopic surgery combined with drug therapy. The 3 children with AFRS were routinely examined by nasal endoscopy, CT scan, MRI scan and allergen detection before surgery, and mycological and histomathological examination were performed on the secretions in the sinus and the mucosa of the affected sinuses. All the 3 patients underwent endoscopic surgery, preoperative and postoperative treatment with oral and nasal corticosteroid, nasal irrigation, and individualized anti-allergy therapy and immunotherapy. The patients were followed up for 3 to 12 months. All 3 children had nasal polyps and headache, and 2 children had exophthalmos and facial asymmetry. There were typical CT and MRI findings on imaging. Serum total IgE were all elevated, and 2 cases were positive for fungal SIgE. All 3 children underwent endoscopic surgery. Fungal hyphae and spores were found in 1 child, and other