Sustainable management of municipal solid waste through waste-to-energy technologies

[Display omitted] •Composition of MSW plays critical role in determining the most effective WtE technique.•Waste-to-energy technologies for MSW management have been narrated.•Biorefinery aspects of municipal solid waste (MSW) are explained in detail.•Bio-electrochemical processes are capable of generating bioenergy from MSW. Increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and environmental concerns have sparked global interest in waste valorization through various waste-to-energy (WtE) to generate renewable energy sources and reduce dependency on fossil-derived fuels and chemicals. These technologies are vital for implementing the envisioned global “bioeconomy” through biorefineries. In light of that, a detailed overview of WtE technologies with their benefits and drawbacks is provided in this paper. Additionally, the biorefinery concept for waste management and sustainable energy generation is discussed. The identification of appropriate WtE technology for energy recovery continues to be a significant challenge. So, in order to effectively apply WtE technologies in the burgeoning bioeconomy, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing scenario for sustainable MSW management along with the bottlenecks and perspectives.