Application of the Two-fluid Model of Turbulence to Tundish Problems

A two-fluid model of turbulence is presented and applied to flow in tundishes. The fluids are defined as turbulent and non-turbulent. Transport equations are solved for the variables of each fluid, and empirical relations, established in prior work, are used to express interchange of mass and momentum at the interface. Gradient-diffusion flux is considered an intra-fluid source of turbulence. A critical comparison is made between the results based on the application of this model and the conventional k-ε model. Such results include velocity vectors, effective viscosity and tracer dispersion. In addition, the two-fluid model predicts spatial distribution of the intermittency factor, which provides a measure of the extent of turbulence in the tundish.