Functions and Clinical Significance of CACNA2D1 in Gastric Cancer

Background Voltage-gated calcium channels form as a complex of several subunits, among which the function of CACNA2D1, one of the genes encoding the α2δ subunit, remains unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of CACNA2D1 and evaluate the efficacy of amlodipine, a blocker of CACNA2D1, in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). Methods Knockdown experiments were performed on the human GC cell lines MKN7 and HGC27 using CACNA2D1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), and changes in cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed. The gene expression profiles of cells were examined using a microarray analysis. An immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was conducted on samples obtained from 196 GC patients who underwent curative gastrectomy. In addition, the antitumor effects of amlodipine were investigated using a xenograft model. Results Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were suppressed in CACNA2D1-depleted cells, and apoptosis was induced. The results of the microarray analysis showed that the apoptosis signaling pathway was enhanced via p53, BAX, and caspase 3 in CACNA2D1-depleted cells. A multivariate analysis identified high CACNA2D1 expression levels, confirmed by IHC, as an independent poor prognostic factor in GC patients. Moreover, subcutaneous tumor volumes were significantly smaller in a xenograft nude mouse model treated with a combination of amlodipine and cisplatin than in a model treated with cisplatin alone. Conclusions The present study indicates that CACNA2D1 regulates the apoptosis signaling pathway and may have potential as a biomarker for cancer growth and as a therapeutic target for GC.