Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8-based paraprobiotics prevents obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory responses in high fat diet-fed mice

Lactobacillus plantarum K8-based paraprobiotics lysates suppressed HFD-induced obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory responses with the regulation of AMPKα and NF-κB. AMPKα, AMP-activated protein kinase alpha; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MФ, macrophage; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; TC, total cholesterol. [Display omitted] •Paraprobiotics (LAB-P) was prepared using high-pressure ultrasonication method.•Inhibitory effect of LAB-P on obesity and obesity-induced inflammation was demonstrated.•LAB-P administration effectively inhibits body and adipose tissue weights.•LAB-P suppresses obesity by regulating adipogenic factors and AMPKα signaling.•Proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue was decreased by regulating NF-κB. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the paraprobiotics, lactic acid bacteria lysates (LAB-P) prepared from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8, on obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory responses in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. LAB-P (100 mg/kg) significantly decreased the HFD-induced increase in weight by approximately 20% compared to that in the HFD control. This result was accompanied by a decrease in adipose weight/size. The white adipose tissue weight of epididymis, subcutaneous inguinal region, and mesentery were decreased by 36%, 20%, and 40%, respectively, in LAB-P (100 mg/kg)-administered mice. The size of the epididymal white adipose tissue-derived adipocytes was reduced by 41%. The LAB-P-mediated reduction in adipose tissues was associated with downregulation of adipogenic factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). In addition, LAB-P administration reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels by 23% and 42%, respectively, with a 55% reduction in lactate dehydrogenase levels. Stromal vascular fraction-derived adipose tissue macrophages were favorably regulated by LAB-P administration; the expression of CD11c, an inflammatory marker, was reduced by 30%, and that of CD206, an anti-inflammatory marker, was increased by 9-fold. These results were shown to correlated with the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and downregulation of NF-κB expression. Furthermore, LAB-P administration suppressed HFD-induced fatty liver by activating AMPKα, an energy metabolic sensor. This study indicates that LAB-P effectively prevents HFD-induced