Recent updates on lentil and quinoa protein-based dairy protein alternatives: Nutrition, technologies, and challenges

•Lentil and quinoa protein can be excellent dairy-based protein alternatives.•Fermentation and germination play a significant role in the reduction of anti-nutrient.•Protein complexation enhance the functional properties of complexes protein driving molecular forces.•Physicochemical changes during fermentation by microorganisms and their enzymes. Due to its high nutritional value and increasing consumption trends, plant-based proteins were used in a variety of dietary products, either in their entirety or as partial substitutions. There is indeed a growing need to produce plant-based proteins as alternatives to dairy-based proteins that have good functional properties, high nutritional values, and high protein digestibility. Among the plant-based proteins, both lentil and quinoa proteins received a lot of attention in recent years as dairy-based protein alternatives. To ensure plant-based proteins a success in food applications, food industries and researchers need to have a comprehensive scientific understanding of these proteins. The demand for proteins is highly dependent on several factors, mainly functional properties, nutritional values, and protein digestibility. Fermentation and protein complexation are recognised to be suitable techniques in enhancing the functional properties, nutritional values, and protein digestibility of these plant-based proteins, making them potential alternatives for dairy-based proteins.