Identification of potential key genes and immune infiltration in Multiple sclerosis

•In clinical practice, it was found that multiple sclerosis (MS) is an extremely serious autoimmune disease of the nervous system. Currently, there are many limitations in clinical diagnosis and treatment.•Extensive evidence indicated that immune system activation plays a crucial role in the development of MS. However, the exact mechanism of MS is still not well understood.•Using bioinformatics methods, a comprehensive study of key genes and immune infiltration in MS was performed, aiming to provide new ideas and research directions for the diagnosis and treatment of MS, which may better guide clinical practice. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an extremely serious autoimmune disease of the nervous system. Extensive evidence indicated that immune system activation plays a crucial role in the development of MS. However, the exact mechanism of MS is still not well understood. Our objective was to identify potential key genes of Multiple sclerosis (MS) via bioinformatic analysis and apply CIBERSORT algorithms to calculate the proportion of infiltrating immune cells. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed from two public datasets, which included 99 MS, 45 controls and 133 MS, 79 controls. Then the common DEGs were obtained (p < 0.05). LASSO regression analysis was performed on common DEGs of GSE17048. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created. The key genes were screened based on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). CIBERSORT algorithms were used to explore the immune infiltration in MS. 516 common DEGs were screened from two public datasets. And then 54 signature genes were obtained by constructing LASSO model. MS4A6A, CACNA1I, C9orf46, EIF4EBP2, SERTAD2, TGFBR2 and RAB34 with the largest AUC values were selected as the key genes. Neutrophils, Monocytes, resting memory CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and resting NK cells accounted for a large proportion of infiltrating immune cells in MS. MS4A6A, CACNA1I, C9orf46, EIF4EBP2, SERTAD2, TGFBR2 and RAB34 may be closely related pathogenesis of MS, and may represent new candidate biomarkers. In addition, immune cell infiltration may also play an important role in the progression of MS.