Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 promotes necroptosis in trophoblast cells through activation of dynamin‐related protein 1 in early‐onset preeclampsia

Objectives Placentae from patients with preeclampsia have increased susceptibility to necroptosis and phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) plays a role in many necrosis pathways. We determined whether PGAM5 promotes necroptosis of trophoblast cells and the underlying mechanisms in this study. Methods The injury model was established by treating JEG3 cells with hypoxia for 24 h. The functional measurements were assessed by the cell counting kit‐8, propidium iodide (PI)/Annexin V staining, JC‐1 staining and firefly luciferase ATP assay. The expression of proteins in human placentae and JEG3 cells was measured Western blot. PGAM5 was knocked down to study its role in hypoxia‐induced necroptosis. Results The placentae from patients with preeclampsia showed up‐regulation of PGAM5 and decreased levels of p‐Drp1‐S637, accompanied by increased necroptosis‐relevant proteins expression. The expression of PGAM5 in JEG3 cells was up‐regulated under hypoxia, which promoted dephosphorylation of Drp1 at Serine 637 residue, mitochondrial dysfunction (elevated ROS level and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content) and cellular necroptosis (increased PI+/Annexin V+ cells and decreased cell viability), accompanied by increased expression of necroptosis‐relevant proteins; knockdown of PGAM5 attenuated these phenomena. Conclusions Our results indicate that PGAM5 can promote necroptosis in trophoblast cells through, at least in part, activation of Drp1. It may be used as a new therapeutic target to prevent trophoblast dysfunction in preeclampsia.