Formation of complex carbon films on implanted carbon layers by pulsed V+C and Ti+C dual implantation into steel

Thin carbon films and implanted C complex layers are formed using pulsed V + C and Ti + C dual implantation into H13 steel. The thickness of the C films on the implanted layers were observed by Auger analysis to be 20–50 nm. The C film can reduce the surface friction factor and induce surface lubrication. The surface hardening properties of pulsed Ti + C and V + C were studied. Solid solution hardening was obtained for implanted atom concentrations of 20–45 at.%. Fine grains and dense dislocations were observed by transmission electron microscopy, so fine grain hardening and dislocation hardening are expected. The dispersion hardening phases were distinguished by X-ray diffraction and electron spectroscopy to be Fe 2Ti, FeV, TiC and VC.