Biodegradation of nitriles derived from glucosinolates in rapeseed meal by BnNIT2: a nitrilase from Brassica napus with wide substrate specificity

Nitriles derived from glucosinolates (GSLs) in rapeseed meal (RSM) can cause lesions on animal liver and kidneys. Nitrilase converts nitriles to carboxylic acids and NH 3 , eliminating their toxicity. Here we describe a nitrilase, Bn NIT2, from Brassica napus (optimal temperature, 45 °C; pH, 7.0) that is stable at 40 °C and has a wide substrate specificity. Recombinant Bn NIT2 converted the three main nitriles from GSLs (3-hydroxy-4-pentenenitrile, 3-butenenitrile, and 4-pentenenitrile), with the highest specific activity (58.6 U/mg) for 4-pentenenitrile. We used mutagenesis to improve the thermostability of Bn NIT2; the resulting mutant Bn NIT2-H90M had an ~ 14.5% increase in residual activity at 50 °C for 1 h. To verify the functionality of Bn NIT2, GSLs were extracted from RSM and converted into nitriles at pH 5.0 in the presence of Fe 2+ . Then, Bn NIT2 was used to degrade the nitriles from GSLs; ultimately, ~ 80% of nitriles were removed. Thus Bn NIT2 is a potential enzyme for detoxification of RSM. Key points • Functional identification of the plant nitrilase BnNIT2 . • Identified a mutant, H90M, with improved thermostability . • BnNIT2 was capable of degrading nitriles from transformed GSLs . Graphical abstract