Impact of myopenia and myosteatosis in patients undergoing abdominal surgery for chronic pancreatitis

Surgery for chronic pancreatitis is associated with major morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to examine the role of preoperative muscle volume and quality on postoperative outcomes in patients with chronic pancreatitis. All patients who underwent abdominal surgery for chronic pancreatitis between 2011 and 2018 were identified from an institutional surgical database. Patient demographics, clinical indices, and perioperative computed tomography scans were collected. Myopenia and myosteatosis were measured at the L3 vertebral level. Regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥3a) and length of stay. Seventy-five patients were identified. Toxic-metabolic or obstructive causes were the main underlying etiologies. Thirty patients were myopenic (40%), and 36 patients were myosteatotic (48%). Sixteen patients (21%) had a major complication. Median length of stay was 10 days. Both myopenia and myosteatosis were associated with major complications (hazard ratio = 7.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.91–32.29, P = .004 and hazard ratio = 4.351, 95% confidence interval: 1.22–15.52, P = .023). Myosteatosis was associated with increased length of stay (parameter estimate = 0.297, 95% confidence interval: 0.012–0.583, P = .041). Myopenia and myosteatosis were common and significant risk factors for adverse postoperative events. Preoperative muscle assessment may help in the risk stratification of surgical patients and identify patients that require preoperative nutritional and physical optimization.