Sulfonylurea receptor 1-expressing cancer cells induce cancer-associated fibroblasts to promote non-small cell lung cancer progression

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a pivotal role in cancer progression; however, how CAFs are induced remains elusive. Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) is a tumor-enhancer in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Here, we probed the influence of SUR1-expressing cancer cells on CAFs. Results showed that high SUR1 expression positively correlated with α-SMA positive staining of CAFs in tumor tissues and poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. SUR1 contributed to normal fibroblast (NF) transformation into CAFs and facilitated the growth and metastasis of NSCLC in vivo. Conditioned medium (CM) and exosomes from SUR1-expressing cancer cells induced CAFs and promoted fibroblast migration. In cancer cells, SUR1 promoted p70S6K-induced KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) phosphorylation at S395 to inhibit the binding of KHSRP with let-7a precursor (pre-let-7a) and decreasing mature let-7a-5p expression in cancer cells and exosomes. Let-7a-5p delivered by exosomes blocked NF transformation into CAFs by targeting TGFBR1 to inactivate the TGF-β signaling pathway. Glibenclamide, which targets SUR1, restrained CAFs and suppressed tumor growth in patient-derived xenograft models. Furthermore, we found that let-7a-5p was decreased in the tissues and plasma exosomes of NSCLC patients. In summary, SUR1-expressing cancer cells induce NF transformation into CAFs in the tumor microenvironment and promote NSCLC progression by transferring less exosomal let-7a-5p. Glibenclamide is a promising anti-cancer drug, and plasma exosomal let-7a-5p level is a potential diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC patients. These findings provide new therapeutic strategies by targeting SUR1 in NSCLC. •Elevated SUR1 expression correlates with CAF accumulation and poor prognosis in NSCLC.•SUR1 promotes NSCLC progression and CAF accumulation in vivo.•SUR1-overexpressing lung cancer cells induce NF transformation into CAFs.•SUR1 activates p70S6K to inhibit KHSRP-regulated let-7a-5p maturation in NSCLC cells.