Sequential quantification of blood and diluent using red cell sedimentation-based separation and pressure-induced work in a microfluidic channel
The erythrocyte sedimentation method has been widely used to detect inflammatory diseases. However, this conventional method still has several drawbacks, such as a large blood volume (∼1 mL) and difficulty in continuous monitoring. Most importantly, image-based methods cannot quantify RBC-rich blood...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Analytical methods 2022-03, Vol.14 (12), p.1194-127 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | The erythrocyte sedimentation method has been widely used to detect inflammatory diseases. However, this conventional method still has several drawbacks, such as a large blood volume (∼1 mL) and difficulty in continuous monitoring. Most importantly, image-based methods cannot quantify RBC-rich blood (blood) and RBC-free blood (diluent) simultaneously. In this study, instead of visualizing interface movement in the blood syringe, a simple method is proposed to quantify blood and diluent in microfluidic channels sequentially. The hematocrit was set to 25% to enhance RBC sedimentation and form two layers (blood and diluent) in the blood syringe. An air cavity (∼300 μL) inside the blood syringe was secured to completely remove dead volumes (∼200 μL) in fluidic paths (syringe needle and tubing). Thus, a small blood volume (
V
b
= 50 μL) suctioned into the blood syringe is sufficient for supplying blood and diluent in the blood channel sequentially. The relative ratio of blood resident time (RBC-to-diluent separation) was quantified using
λ
b
, which was obtained by quantifying the image intensity of blood flow. After the junction pressure (
P
j
) and blood volume (
V
) were obtained by analyzing the interface in the coflowing channel, the averaged work (
W
p
[Pa mm
3
]) was calculated and adopted to detect blood and diluent, respectively. The proposed method was then applied with various concentrations of dextran solution to detect aggregation-elevated blood. The
W
p
of blood and diluent exhibited substantial differences with respect to dextran solutions ranging from
C
dex
= 10 to
C
dex
= 40 mg mL
−1
. Moreover,
λ
b
did not exhibit substantial differences in blood with
C
dex
> 10 mg mL
−1
. The variations in
λ
b
were comparable to those of the previous method based on interface movement in the blood syringe. In conclusion, the
W
P
could detect blood as well as diluents more effectively than
λ
b
. Furthermore, the proposed method substantially reduced the blood volume from 1 mL to 50 μL.
Pressure-induced work in the coflowing channel was newly suggested for quantifying both blood and diluent from small blood volume of 50 μL. |
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ISSN: | 1759-9660 1759-9679 |
DOI: | 10.1039/d1ay02178h |