Radiation-induced anomalies in satellites

Radiation-induced anomalies are discussed, and a compilation of known events in semiconductor devices and electronic systems in commercial and government satellites is provided. The various types of anomalies that have been observed and the interactions of space radiation with devices are described. The number of events is limited to those occurring in some government (NASA, NOAA) and commercial spacecraft. In general, manufacturers are reluctant to disclose their failures, and so these sources of events are not readily available. In the case of government spacecraft, anomalies on Department of Defense classified and unclassified satellites are not often reported. Thus, the list of events here is not complete. It represents only the proverbial tip of the iceberg. An important message for satellite designers is to anticipate this environmental threat and provide remedies or safeguards. (Author)