Long-haul intermodal-MIMO-free MDM transmission based on a weakly coupled multiple-ring-core few-mode fiber

Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) technique based on few-mode fibers (FMFs) can achieve multiplicative growth in single-fiber capacity by using different linearly polarized (LP) modes or mode groups as spatial channels. However, its deployment is seriously impeded because multiple-input multiple-output digital signal processing (MIMO-DSP) with huge computational load must be adopted to combat intermodal crosstalk for long-haul FMF transmission. In this paper, we present an intermodal-MIMO-free MDM transmission scheme based on weakly coupled multiple-ring-core FMF, which achieves ultralow distributed modal crosstalk (DMC) so that the signal in each LP mode can be independently received by single-LP-mode MIMO-DSP even after hundreds-of-kilometer transmission. Evaluation method for the required DMC levels is proposed and different transmission reaches are investigated by simulation. By adopting an improved method for quantitative DMC measurement, we show that the required DMC level for long-haul transmission is feasible. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate 1800-km LP /LP multiplexed transmission and 525-km LP /LP /LP multiplexed transmission only adopting 2×2 or 4×4 MIMO-DSP. The proposed scheme may pave the way to practical applications of long-haul MDM techniques for the first time.