Interfacial Tensions of Liquid Iron-alloys and Commercial Steels in Contact with Liquid Slags

Measurement of interfacial tensions under industrially significant conditions are diffcult due to the reactivity of industrial slags with refractory containers and due to non-equilibrium conditions between liquid steel and liquid slag. These two problems necessitated the development of a new experimental technique to allow steady state values of interfacial tension to be measured. This technique has shown that actual interfacial tensions in real systems can be variable with time and are either higher or lower than values predicted from equilibrium studies.