Soluble inflammatory mediators identify HCV patients who may be cured with four weeks of antiviral treatment

Soluble inflammatory mediators (SIM) can be predictive of treatment outcome in antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Recently, it was shown that a subgroup of patients can be cured with four weeks of therapy. We here profiled patients for 70 SIM before and during treatment of hepatitis C with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) +/− ribavirin. Proximity extension assay was performed in a total of 32 patients. Pre‐treatment SIM profiles did not distinguish patients achieving an SVR (n = 21) from patients experiencing antiviral relapse (n = 11). However, after 4 weeks of therapy, eight markers were identified that could distinguish patients with SVR from the relapsed group, namely MMP‐10, CCL20, CXCL11, FGF‐23, TNF, MCP‐2, IL‐18R1 and CXCL10. Thus, this study shows that a distinct on‐treatment immune profile is associated with cure of HCV infection after ultrashort treatment.