HaCYC2c regulating the heteromorphous development and functional differentiation of florets by recognizing HaNDUA2 in sunflower
Key message The overexpression of HaCYC2c and its regulation on HaNDUA2 through transcriptional recognition are important for regulating the heteromorphous development and functional differentiation of ray and disc florets in sunflower. Flower symmetry is closely related to pollinator recruitment an...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Plant cell reports 2022-04, Vol.41 (4), p.1025-1041 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Key message
The overexpression of
HaCYC2c
and its regulation on
HaNDUA2
through transcriptional recognition are important for regulating the heteromorphous development and functional differentiation of ray and disc florets in sunflower.
Flower symmetry is closely related to pollinator recruitment and individual fecundity for higher plants and is the main feature used to identify flower type in angiosperms. In sunflower,
HaCYC2c
regulates floral organ development and floral symmetry, but the specific detail remains unclear. In this study, sunflower
long petal mutant
(
lpm
) with
HaCYC2c
insertion mutation was used to investigate the regulating role of
HaCYC2c
in the morphogenesis of florets and the transformation of floral symmetry through phenotype, transcriptome, qRT-PCR, and possible protein-gene interactions analyses. Results showed that
HaCYC2c
was overexpressed after an insertion into the promoter region. This gene could recognize the cis-acting element GGTCCC in the promoter region of
HaNDUA2
that might regulate
HaNDUA2
and affect other related genes. As a consequence, the abnormal elongation of disc petals and the degradation of male reproductive system occurred at the early development of floral organ in sunflower. Furthermore, this insertion mutation resulted in floral symmetry transformation, from actinomorphy to zygomorphy, thereby making the tubular disc florets transformed into ray-like disc florets in sunflower
lpm
. The findings suggested that the overexpression of
HaCYC2c
and its control of
HaNDUA2
through transcriptional recognition might be an important regulating node of the heteromorphous development and functional differentiation for ray and disc florets in sunflower. This node contributes to the understanding of the balance between pollinator recruitment capacity of ray florets and fertility of disc florets for the optimization of reproductive efficiency and enhancement of species competitiveness in sunflower. |
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ISSN: | 0721-7714 1432-203X |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00299-022-02835-4 |