CXCL12/CXCR4 axis gene variants contribute to an increased vulnerability to HPV infection and cervical oncogenesis

Purpose Every year, more than half a million women are diagnosed with cervical cancer (CC). Individual factors may contribute to the cervical cancer development, such as immunogenetic variation. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is involved in tumor progression and aggressiveness. In the present study, we aimed to investigate a possible association between two single-nucleotide variants ( CXCL12 rs1801157 and CXCR4 rs2228014) with HPV infection and cervical cancer development. Methods PCR technique was used to test HPV positivity in 424 women, in which the allelic frequency of CXCL12 rs1801157 and CXCR4 rs2228014 was also assessed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results CXCL12 rs1801157 was associated with HPV infection in the allelic distribution as well in the codominant, dominant and recessive genetic models; as well with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and CC in the codominant and dominant models. CXCR4 rs2228014 was associated to HPV infection in the codominant model and allelic distribution; as well with SIL/CC in the codominant, dominant and allelic models. Independent associations were found for CXCL12 AA genotype and HPV infection, SIL and CC development, as well as, CXCR4 allele T and HPV infection and CC. The variants interaction analysis demonstrated that the presence of both polymorphisms increases the susceptibility of HPV infection in 10.1 times, SIL (2 times) and CC development in 4.2 times. Conclusions This is the first study demonstrating that the interaction of CXCL12 and CXCR4 variants contributes to the increased susceptibility of HPV infection, squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer development.