Quality Indicators and Outcomes in a Prospective Cohort of Colorectal Cancer Patients

Background Some quality indicators of proper health care in patients with colorectal cancer have been established. Aims Our goal was to evaluate the relationship between performing of certain procedures or treatments, included as quality indicators, and some outcomes of indicators in the follow-up of colorectal cancer patients. Methods This was a prospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer that underwent surgery and were followed at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years. CT scanning, colonoscopy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were evaluated in relation to various clinical outcomes and PROM changes over 5 years. Multivariable generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate their effect on mortality, complications, recurrence, and PROM changes (HAD, EQ-5D, EORTC-Q30) at the next follow-up. Results CT scanning or colonoscopy was related to a decrease in the risk of dying, while chemotherapy at a specified moment was related to an increased risk. In the case of recurrence, CT scanning and chemotherapy showed statistically increased the risk, while all the procedures and treatments influenced complications. Regarding PROM scales, CT scanning, colonoscopy, and radiotherapy showed statistically significant results with respect to an increase in anxiety and decrease in quality of life measured by the EORTC. However, undergoing radiotherapy at a specified moment increased depression levels, and overall, receiving radiotherapy decreased the quality of life of the patients, as measured by the EuroQol-5d. Conclusions After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and severity of the disease, performing certain quality indicators of proper health care in patients with colorectal cancer was related to less mortality but higher adverse outcomes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02488161.