Detection and Analysis of Microplastics in Human Sputum
Microplastic pollution is an emerging environmental problem, and little research has focused on its impact on the human body. Based on retrospective case series, the study required participants to fill out a questionnaire and provide sputum samples in order to investigate the presence of microplasti...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2022-02, Vol.56 (4), p.2476-2486 |
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| creator | Huang, Shumin Huang, Xiaoxin Bi, Ran Guo, Qiuxia Yu, Xiaolin Zeng, Qinghui Huang, Ziyu Liu, Tianming Wu, Haisheng Chen, Yuliang Xu, Jialong Wu, Yinge Guo, Pi |
| description | Microplastic pollution is an emerging environmental problem, and little research has focused on its impact on the human body. Based on retrospective case series, the study required participants to fill out a questionnaire and provide sputum samples in order to investigate the presence of microplastics in human sputum and determine whether humans involuntarily inhale them. A total of 22 patients suffering from different respiratory diseases were recruited. We used an Agilent 8700 laser infrared imaging spectrometer and Fourier-transform infrared microscope to analyze sputum samples and evaluate microplastics in the respiratory tract. Remarkably, the size range of the method for detecting microplastics in our study is 20–500 μm. The results showed that 21 types of microplastics were identified, and polyurethane was dominant, followed by polyester, chlorinated polyethylene, and alkyd varnish, accounting for 78.36% of the total microplastics. Most of the aspirated microplastics detected are smaller than 500 μm in size (median: 75.43 μm; interquartile range: 44.67–210.64 μm). Microplastics are ubiquitous in all sputum, indicating that inhalation is a potential way for plastics to enter the human body. Additionally, the quantities of microplastic types in the respiratory tract are related to smoking, invasive examination, etc. (P < 0.05). This study sheds new light on microplastic exposure, which provides basic data for the risk assessment of microplastics to human health. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.est.1c03859 |
| format | Article |
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Based on retrospective case series, the study required participants to fill out a questionnaire and provide sputum samples in order to investigate the presence of microplastics in human sputum and determine whether humans involuntarily inhale them. A total of 22 patients suffering from different respiratory diseases were recruited. We used an Agilent 8700 laser infrared imaging spectrometer and Fourier-transform infrared microscope to analyze sputum samples and evaluate microplastics in the respiratory tract. Remarkably, the size range of the method for detecting microplastics in our study is 20–500 μm. The results showed that 21 types of microplastics were identified, and polyurethane was dominant, followed by polyester, chlorinated polyethylene, and alkyd varnish, accounting for 78.36% of the total microplastics. Most of the aspirated microplastics detected are smaller than 500 μm in size (median: 75.43 μm; interquartile range: 44.67–210.64 μm). Microplastics are ubiquitous in all sputum, indicating that inhalation is a potential way for plastics to enter the human body. Additionally, the quantities of microplastic types in the respiratory tract are related to smoking, invasive examination, etc. (P < 0.05). This study sheds new light on microplastic exposure, which provides basic data for the risk assessment of microplastics to human health.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03859</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35073488</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Ecotoxicology and Public Health ; Environmental health ; Environmental Monitoring ; Fourier transforms ; Human body ; Humans ; Imaging spectrometers ; Infrared analysis ; Infrared imaging ; Infrared lasers ; Infrared spectrometers ; Inhalation ; Lasers ; Microplastics ; Plastic debris ; Plastic pollution ; Plastics - analysis ; Pollution detection ; Polyethylene ; Polyethylenes ; Polyurethane ; Polyurethane resins ; Respiration ; Respiratory diseases ; Respiratory tract ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk assessment ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Sputum ; Sputum - chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2022-02, Vol.56 (4), p.2476-2486</ispartof><rights>2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Feb 15, 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a402t-74a11b3f9b2bf3eae71d5ccb9d7282833af20ba8c6e396960f4d53c02a91cbdd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a402t-74a11b3f9b2bf3eae71d5ccb9d7282833af20ba8c6e396960f4d53c02a91cbdd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0990-6461</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.1c03859$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.1c03859$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2765,27076,27924,27925,56738,56788</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35073488$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Huang, Shumin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Xiaoxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bi, Ran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Qiuxia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Xiaolin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Qinghui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Ziyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Tianming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Haisheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yuliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Jialong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Yinge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Pi</creatorcontrib><title>Detection and Analysis of Microplastics in Human Sputum</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Microplastic pollution is an emerging environmental problem, and little research has focused on its impact on the human body. Based on retrospective case series, the study required participants to fill out a questionnaire and provide sputum samples in order to investigate the presence of microplastics in human sputum and determine whether humans involuntarily inhale them. A total of 22 patients suffering from different respiratory diseases were recruited. We used an Agilent 8700 laser infrared imaging spectrometer and Fourier-transform infrared microscope to analyze sputum samples and evaluate microplastics in the respiratory tract. Remarkably, the size range of the method for detecting microplastics in our study is 20–500 μm. The results showed that 21 types of microplastics were identified, and polyurethane was dominant, followed by polyester, chlorinated polyethylene, and alkyd varnish, accounting for 78.36% of the total microplastics. Most of the aspirated microplastics detected are smaller than 500 μm in size (median: 75.43 μm; interquartile range: 44.67–210.64 μm). Microplastics are ubiquitous in all sputum, indicating that inhalation is a potential way for plastics to enter the human body. Additionally, the quantities of microplastic types in the respiratory tract are related to smoking, invasive examination, etc. (P < 0.05). This study sheds new light on microplastic exposure, which provides basic data for the risk assessment of microplastics to human health.</description><subject>Ecotoxicology and Public Health</subject><subject>Environmental health</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Human body</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Imaging spectrometers</subject><subject>Infrared analysis</subject><subject>Infrared imaging</subject><subject>Infrared lasers</subject><subject>Infrared spectrometers</subject><subject>Inhalation</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Microplastics</subject><subject>Plastic debris</subject><subject>Plastic pollution</subject><subject>Plastics - analysis</subject><subject>Pollution detection</subject><subject>Polyethylene</subject><subject>Polyethylenes</subject><subject>Polyurethane</subject><subject>Polyurethane resins</subject><subject>Respiration</subject><subject>Respiratory diseases</subject><subject>Respiratory tract</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared</subject><subject>Sputum</subject><subject>Sputum - chemistry</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kEtLw0AUhQdRbK2u3UnAjSBp78zNTGaWpT4qVFyo4C5MJhNIyctMsui_d0JrF4Kru_nOuZyPkGsKcwqMLrRxc-v6OTWAkqsTMqWcQcglp6dkCkAxVCi-JuTCuS0AMAR5TibIIcZIyimJH2xvTV80daDrLFjWuty5wgVNHrwWpmvaUru-MC4o6mA9VLoO3tuhH6pLcpbr0tmrw52Rz6fHj9U63Lw9v6yWm1BHwPowjjSlKeYqZWmOVtuYZtyYVGUxk0wi6pxBqqURFpVQAvIo42iAaUVNmmU4I3f73rZrvgc_NakKZ2xZ6to2g0uYYEwIgEh49PYPum2Gzg8aKQQVRRzQU4s95cc519k8abui0t0uoZCMThPvNBnTB6c-cXPoHdLKZkf-V6IH7vfAmDz-_K_uB8xYgMA</recordid><startdate>20220215</startdate><enddate>20220215</enddate><creator>Huang, Shumin</creator><creator>Huang, Xiaoxin</creator><creator>Bi, Ran</creator><creator>Guo, Qiuxia</creator><creator>Yu, Xiaolin</creator><creator>Zeng, Qinghui</creator><creator>Huang, Ziyu</creator><creator>Liu, Tianming</creator><creator>Wu, Haisheng</creator><creator>Chen, Yuliang</creator><creator>Xu, Jialong</creator><creator>Wu, Yinge</creator><creator>Guo, Pi</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-6461</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220215</creationdate><title>Detection and Analysis of Microplastics in Human Sputum</title><author>Huang, Shumin ; 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The results showed that 21 types of microplastics were identified, and polyurethane was dominant, followed by polyester, chlorinated polyethylene, and alkyd varnish, accounting for 78.36% of the total microplastics. Most of the aspirated microplastics detected are smaller than 500 μm in size (median: 75.43 μm; interquartile range: 44.67–210.64 μm). Microplastics are ubiquitous in all sputum, indicating that inhalation is a potential way for plastics to enter the human body. Additionally, the quantities of microplastic types in the respiratory tract are related to smoking, invasive examination, etc. (P < 0.05). This study sheds new light on microplastic exposure, which provides basic data for the risk assessment of microplastics to human health.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>35073488</pmid><doi>10.1021/acs.est.1c03859</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-6461</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | American Chemical Society; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Ecotoxicology and Public Health Environmental health Environmental Monitoring Fourier transforms Human body Humans Imaging spectrometers Infrared analysis Infrared imaging Infrared lasers Infrared spectrometers Inhalation Lasers Microplastics Plastic debris Plastic pollution Plastics - analysis Pollution detection Polyethylene Polyethylenes Polyurethane Polyurethane resins Respiration Respiratory diseases Respiratory tract Retrospective Studies Risk assessment Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Sputum Sputum - chemistry Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis |
| title | Detection and Analysis of Microplastics in Human Sputum |
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