Hemocytic cell line from the moth Glyphodes pyloalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) response to essential oils from Artemisia annua (Asterales: Asteraceae)

Extensive usage of synthetic chemical pesticides has collateral effects in harming human and animal health and the environment and promoting the development of resistance in pests. The potential of plant compounds as bio insecticides has been described as a promising field of agricultural development. The present study involved the use of Artemisia annua essential oils to evaluate their cytotoxic activities against an established cell line of lesser mulberry pyralid. Five types of hemocytes were recognized (prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, oenocytoids, and spherulocytes) in the primary cultures maintained in Ex-Cell media with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Artemisia annua essential oils produced noticeable cytotoxicity against the insect cell lines. Applied at a concentration 500 ppm, oils extracted from the vegetative or flowering stages of A. annua produced 71% and 80% cell death, respectively. Nanoemulsions of EOs from the vegetative or flowering stages of A. annua killed 67 and 60% of the cells, respectively. This study has clearly shown significant bioactivities of A. annua secondary metabolites to insect cell lines.