The Impact of Water Fluoridation on Medicaid-Eligible Children and Adolescents in Alaska

Juneau, Alaska, ceased community water fluoridation (CWF) in 2007, and previous research found a substantial increase in dental caries-related procedures and treatment costs for children from low-income families in Juneau between 2003 and 2012. We collected comparable dental caries-related procedures and treatment cost data for the same years for children in Anchorage, Alaska, where CWF has been continuously maintained. This retrospective study analyzed all Medicaid dental claims records in two separate years for caries-related procedures and associated costs among children (aged 0 to 18 years) residing in Anchorage’s 99502 zip code and compared these records to data from Juneau. We obtained descriptive statistics and conducted bivariate analyses and binomial logistic regression. Between 2003 and 2012, children in Anchorage experienced a nonsignificant modest decrease in the mean number of caries-related procedures and only small, statistically nonsignificant changes to the mean inflation-adjusted service costs of caries-related restorative care. The lack of significant change in child dental caries-related procedures and treatment costs in Anchorage between 2003 and 2012 contrasted with the substantial increase in caries-related procedures and treatment costs over the same period in Juneau. Our results are consistent with previous research that has demonstrated a significant protective effect of CWF against dental caries.