Real world comparison of teriflunomide and dimethyl fumarate in naïve relapsing multiple sclerosis patients: Evidence from the Italian MS register

•Teriflunomide (TERI) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) are largely replacing injectable disease-modifying treatments.•The aim of the study was to compare TERI and DMF as first therapeutic choice in an Italian MS register cohort.•TERI and DMF have similar effectiveness and rate of discontinuation when employed as first therapeutic choice in RRMS patients. Teriflunomide (TERI) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) are licensed as first-line disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for relapsing remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) and are largely replacing injectable DMTs. All RRMS patients starting TERI or DMF between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017, were included in the analysis. Time to first relapse, time to confirmed disability progression (CDP), and time to DMT discontinuation have been investigated. Propensity score with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW-PS) was used to adjust comparisons for baseline confounders. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness, and rate of discontinuation of TERI and DMF as first therapeutic choice in the Italian MS register. A total of 683 patients were considered for the analyses, 185 on TERI and 498 on DMF. Patients on TERI had higher number of relapses (2.3 ± 1.4 vs 1.9 ± 1.1, p=.033) and higher baseline disability level assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (2.0, interquartile range-IQR 1.0–3.0 vs 1.5, IQR 1.0–2.0, p=.013). IPTW adjusted Cox models did not reveal any difference between the investigated DMTs for the investigated outcomes. TERI and DMF have similar effectiveness and rate of discontinuation when employed as first therapeutic choice in RRMS patients.