Inflammatory diseases of the breast

Inflammatory disorders of the breast are common benign breast conditions. Lactational mastitis occurs in breastfeeding women and may be associated with breast abscess in severe cases. Non-lactational inflammatory disorders are less common and include idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, periductal mastitis, and tuberculous mastitis. While these disorders have some similarities in their presentation, each disorder requires a specific treatment regimen for resolution, and correct diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment. In this chapter, we will review the presentation, diagnosis, and management of each of these distinct clinical entities. •Lactational mastitis is common and typically requires antibiotic therapy.•Aspiration is the preferred initial management of lactational breast abscess.•Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis often requires steroids and rarely surgery.•Periductal mastitis may be associated with smoking and typically requires surgery.•Tuberculous mastitis is rare and responds to anti-tuberculosis medication.