Enhanced Immunostimulatory Activity of Covalent DNA Dendrons

The present study focused on the design and synthesis of covalent DNA dendrons bearing multivalent cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) that can stimulate the immune system through the activation of TLR9. These dendrons were synthesized using branching trebler phosphoramidite containing three identical protecting groups that enabled the simultaneous synthesis of multiple strands on a single molecule. Compared with linear ODNs, covalent DNA dendrons were found to be more resistant to nuclease degradation and were more efficiently taken up by macrophage‐like RAW264.7 cells. Cellular uptake was suggested to be mediated by macrophage scavenger receptors. The covalent DNA dendrons composed of multivalent immunostimulatory branches enhanced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6 from RAW264.7 cells, and 9‐branched DNA dendrons showed the highest enhancement. Given their enhanced efficacy, we expect covalent DNA dendrons to be useful structures of oligonucleotide medicines. Covalent DNA dendrons bearing multivalent immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides (ODNs) have been developed. The DNA dendrons were more resistant to nuclease degradation than linear ODNs, and they enhanced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from RAW264.7 cells as the number of immunostimulatory branches increased, suggesting that they could induce immune response through the activation of TLR9.