Muscle function following testosterone replacement in men on opioid therapy for chronic non‐cancer pain: A randomized controlled trial

Background Chronic pain and opioid treatment are associated with increased risk of male hypogonadism and subsequently decreased muscle function. A diagnosis of hypogonadism is based on the presence of low total testosterone and associated symptoms. The effect of testosterone replacement therapy on muscle function in men with chronic pain and low total testosterone remains to be investigated. Objectives To investigate the effects of testosterone replacement therapy on muscle function and gait performance in men treated with opioids for chronic non‐cancer pain. Materials and methods A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Forty‐one men (>18 years) with opioid‐treated chronic pain and serum total testosterone