Predation of colistin- and carbapenem-resistant bacterial pathogenic populations and their antibiotic resistance genes in simulated microgravity

•Predation in simulated microgravity (SMG) was equal to or better than normal gravity.•SMG increased pathogen resistance to several antibiotics, but not predation.•B. bacteriovorus and its activities were stable in SMG conditions.•Predation both killed the pathogens and removed their antibiotic resistance gene. As mankind evaluates moving toward permanently inhabiting outer space and other planetary bodies, alternatives to antibiotic that can effectively control drug-resistant pathogens are needed. The activity of one such alternative, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100, was explored here, and was found to be as active or better in simulated microgravity (SMG) conditions as in flask and normal gravity (NG) cultures, with the prey viabilities decreasing by 3- to 7-log CFU/mL in 24 h. The activity of B. bacteriovorus HD100 under SMG was also appraised with three different carbapenem- and colistin-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains. In addition to being more efficient at killing two of these pathogens under SMG conditions (with losses of 5- to 6-log CFU/mL), we also explored the ability of B. bacteriovorus HD100 to hydrolyze the carbapenem- and colistin-resistant gene pools, i.e., mcr-1, blaKPC-2 and blaOXA-51, present in these clinical isolates. We found removal efficiencies of 97.4 ± 0.9 %, 97.8 ± 0.4 % and 99.3 ± 0.1 %, respectively, in SMG cultures, while similar reductions were also seen in the flask and NG cultures. These results illustrate the potential applicability of B. bacteriovorus HD100 as an antibiotic to combat the ever-growing threat of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens during spaceflight, such as in the International Space Station (ISS).