2D Active Nanobots Based on Soft Nanoarchitectonics Powered by an Ultralow Fuel Concentration

Enzyme catalysis to power micro/nanomotors has received tremendous attention because of the vast potential in applications ranging from biomedicine to environmental remediation. However, the current design is mainly based on a complex three‐dimensional (3D) architecture, with limited accessible surface areas for the catalytic sites, and thus requires a higher fuel concentration to achieve active motion. Herein we report for the first time an enzyme‐powered 2D nanobot, which was designed by a facile strategy based on soft nanoarchitectonics for active motion at an ultralow fuel concentration (0.003 % H2O2). The 2D nanobots exhibited efficient positive chemotactic behavior and the ability to swim against gravity by virtue of solutal buoyancy. As a proof‐of‐concept, the 2D nanobots showed an excellent capability for “on‐the‐fly” removal of methylene blue (MB) dye with an efficiency of 85 %. “Truly” two‐dimensional (2D) nanobots based on graphene oxide and powered by enzymes have been fabricated by facile noncovalent interactions. The 2D nanobots can be propelled at ultralow H2O2 concentrations and show chemotactic behavior. Furthermore, in the presence of fuel, they showed an excellent capability for “on‐the‐fly” removal of methylene blue (MB) dye for environmental remediation.