Synthesis and Incorporation of Quaternary Ammonium Silane Antimicrobial into Self‐Crosslinked Type I Collagen Scaffold: A Hybrid Formulation for 3D Printing

Novel 3D‐biomaterial scaffold is constructed having a combination of a new quaternary ammonium silane (k21) antimicrobial impregnated in 3D collagen printed scaffolds cross linked with Riboflavin in presence of d‐alpha‐tocopheryl poly(ethyleneglycol)‐1000‐succinate. Groups of “0.1% and 0.2% k21”, and “0.1% and 0.2% Chlorhexidine (CHX)” are prepared. k21/CHX with neutralized collagen is printed with BioX. Riboflavin is photo‐activated and examined using epifluorescence for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (7‐days). Collagen is examined using TEM and measured for porosity, and shape‐fitting. Raman and tandem mass/solid‐state are performed with molecular‐docking and circular‐dichroism. X‐ray diffractions, rheological tests, contact angle, and ninhydrin assay are conducted. k21 samples demonstrated collagen aggregates while 0.1% CHX and 0.2% CHX showed irregularities. Porosity of control and “0.1% and 0.2% k21” scaffolds show no differences. Low contact angle, improved elastic‐modulus, rigidity, and smaller strain in k21 groups are seen. Bacteria are reduced and strong organic intensities are seen in k21 scaffolds. Simulation shows hydrophobicity/electrostatic interaction. Crosslinking is observed in 0.2% CHX/79% and 0.2% k21/80%. Circular dichroism for k21 are suggestive of triple helix. XRD patterns appear at d = 5.97, 3.03, 2.78, 2.1, and 2.90 A°. 3D‐printing of collagen impregnated with quaternary ammonium silane produces a promising scaffold with antimicrobial potency and structural stability. The project manufactures a unique 3D collagen membrane scaffold impregnated with a novel silane based quaternary ammonium antimicrobial crosslinked with Riboflavin in the presence of VE‐TPGS to customize the membrane to fit in osseous defects caused by periodontal disease. The matrix features are somewhat similar to those in tissues of collagen matrices with antimicrobial capacity.