Identification of Sex Pheromone Components of Korean Dioryctria abietella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Population and Synergism of Pheromone and Pine Cone Volatile Blends

(9Z,11E)-tetradecadienyl acetate (9Z,11E-14:OAc) and (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-pentacosapentaene (C25 pentaene), known as the sex pheromone of the European Dioryctria abietella population, were identified in the Korean D. abietella population. The ratio of 9Z,11E-14:OAc to C25 pentaene extracted from female pheromone glands was 1:23. The electroantennogram (EAG) response of male antennae to 9Z,11E-14:OAc was stronger than to C25 pentaene, whereas an opposite EAG response was observed in female antennae. Major volatile compounds in mature Korean pine cone (Pinus koraiensis), such as limonene, myrcene, and (-)-α-pinene, elicited dose-dependent EAG responses of male and female antennae. In field attraction testing, traps baited with 100:1,000, 100:2,000, and 100:3,000 ug of 9Z,11E-14:OAc to C25 pentaene were the most attractive to male D. abietella. More males were attracted to traps baited with 9Z,11E-14:OAc+C25 pentaene+limonene than traps baited with 9Z,11E-14:OAc+C25 pentaene. This showed that limonene acted as a synergist to sex pheromone. Delta traps, wing traps, and diamond traps were superior to bucket traps for capturing D. abietella males. This study showed that pheromone traps baited with 100:1,000 ∼ 100:3,000 ug of 9Z,11E-14:OAc to C25 pentaene and limonene will be useful for the exact monitoring of D. abietella flight phenology in Pinus koraiensis Sieb. & Zucc. (Pinales: Pinaceae) forests.